To send a value transaction into the IOTA network, a client creates an IOTA message that includes a signed transaction payload. will use the code of the IOTA wallet libraries to create and execute the transactions autonomously. Simple command-line tools for professional users, like the CLI Wallet, are also available. Most clients for users will come in the form of a wallet software like the IOTA Firefly Wallet. A client is a software that initiates and creates IOTA transactions for a user (whether human, machine, or device). Clients Įverything starts with a client. We can go a bit more into detail and observe the single steps taken by the participants. Milestones are issued by a special node called Coordinator, which is operated by the IOTA Foundation and is therefore still a centralized part of the Consensus.Īfter Charlie's message is confirmed by a milestone, the nodes update his and Bob's balances to reflect the transfer of 10i to Bob's address. Messages in the Tangle are confirmed by special messages called milestones. The milestone, however, determines which messages are included and confirmed based on deterministic ordering.įor example, what if Charlie actually attached two messages to the Tangle: one that transferred 10i to Bob, and one that transferred 10i to Alice? Together, these messages would be called a double-spend because they try to transfer the same IOTA tokens to different addresses.īoth of Charlie's messages could not be part of the ledger state because it would result in a negative balance for Charlie’s address: minus 10i. As a result, it is not always a simple matter of selecting valid tip messages. Waiting for the Messages to be Confirmed Īnyone is free to send messages to a node at any time. Then Charlie puts all the messages in a UTXO and sends them to a node on an IOTA network. This message does not need a signature because it is not withdrawing IOTA tokens. This input message withdraws 10i from his address.Ĭharlie then creates an output message to deposit that 10i into Bob's address. To prove to nodes that he is indeed the owner of the IOTA tokens in his address, Charlie signs an input message with his private key. The term for these is an invalid subtangle. Nodes ignore invalid parts of the Tangle during tip selection.If any of those messages turn out to be invalid, Charlie's messages will also be treated as invalid and other nodes will not select Charlie's messages during tip selection. This state must always be balanced: the total number of IOTA tokens must always add up to the total supply.īy using the tip messages that the node gave him, Charlie lets the network know that he is also approving them and their history. The ledger state is a record of all the value messages that have transferred IOTA tokens in the Tangle, including the state of all balances on addresses. This algorithm selects between one and eight valid tip messages that lead to a valid ledger state. The node selects these messages by using an algorithm called Uniform Random Tip Selection URTS. To get these tip messages, Charlie requests them from a node. For that, he needs between one and eight tip messages that he can attach to his own message. To transfer 10i to Bob, Charlie must attach a value message to the Tangle. The Goal Ĭharlie wants to transfer 10i to Bob. To explain how IOTA tokens are transferred from one address to another, this topic follows three characters: Alice, Bob, and Charlie. This page explains how IOTA tokens are sent and received in the IOTA network with references to more detailed content.
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